IM3 couples open-source, process-based, human and natural system models to project vulnerability and resilience from local to continental scales in the United States to both short- and long-term influences.

We are currently studying the responses of interacting energy, water, land, and urban systems to the following compounding influences over the course of the 21st century:

• Climate, including more severe heat waves and drought
• Population change and urbanization
• Other socioeconomic factors
• Energy transitions
• Technology change

Examples of research gaps we are trying to close:

• Key drivers of urban heat wave impacts and how these will evolve under a range of compounding influences
• Propagation of drought adaptation responses across energy-water-land-urban systems
• Compound effects of heat waves, drought, and electrification on the future electric grid
• Formal uncertainty characterization methods for computationally-intensive coupled models

Please take a closer look at our Research, People, Publications, Modeling, and Community.